Dementia and Alzheimers Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a brain condition that develops gradually and gets worse over time. 60 to 70 percent of dementia cases are caused by it. Short-term memory loss, or the inability to recall recent events, is the most common early symptom. [As the illness worsens, symptoms may include behavioural issues, linguistic challenges, disorientation (including the tendency to get lost easily), mood swings, loss of motivation, and changes in mood. When someone's health declines, they frequently withdraw from friends and family and from society. Eventually, bodily functions degenerate to the point of death.

• Human brain
• Short-term memory loss
• Behavioural issues

A stroke is referred to as a "brain attack." Cell death occurs when there is insufficient blood flow to a particular area of the brain, and it can occur to anyone at any time. As a result, brain cells start to lose their oxygen supply and die. Memory and motor control are lost in the area of the brain where brain cells are dying following a stroke.

• Brain attack
• Cell death
• Oxygen supply

Neurodegenerative diseases cause the brain and nerves to deteriorate over time. They have the capacity to confuse you and change your personality. Additionally, they can harm the nerves and cells in your brain. For instance, Alzheimer's disease is a form of brain disease that might appear as you age. Over time, they might seriously impair your memory and thought functions. Other illnesses, like Tay-Sachs disease, are hereditary and show early symptoms.

• Neurodegenerative diseases
• Alzheimer's disease
• Tay-Sachs disease

A long-term brain disorder called schizophrenia affects 1% of people. Delusions, hallucinations, trouble focusing and thinking clearly, and a lack of motivation are all signs of schizophrenia. However, the majority of people with schizophrenia will experience a considerable improvement over time once these symptoms are treated.

• Schizophrenia
• Brain disorder
• Hallucinations

A psychological illness may be the root of physical symptoms like a headache, back pain, or stomach pain. If you experience any physical symptoms, such as unexplained aches and pains, while being examined for a psychiatric condition, let your doctor know. A subspecialty of nursing called mental health nursing, or psychiatry nursing, offers treatment to people of all ages who have mental diseases such schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, or psychosis. It is a demanding and emotionally draining work that can also be quite fulfilling.

• Psychiatry
• Stomach pain
• Psychiatry nursing

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and deteriorating movement disorder, meaning that symptoms appear gradually over time. In the US, about one million people have Parkinson's disease. Despite the lack of a cure at this time, there are treatment options, such as medication and surgery, to manage the symptoms.

• Parkinson's disease
• Medication
• Therapeutic options

These breakthroughs have been significantly aided by animal models, which are also a crucial part of how medicines are assessed. In-depth analysis of the animal models for dementia and cognitive decline is provided in this publication. A thorough investigation of dementia and Alzheimer's disease was carried out, along with a critical assessment of the available rat models of dementia and a discussion of their significance in the discovery and development of pharmaceuticals.

• Animal models
• Alzheimer's disease
• Pharmaceuticals

A patient's pre-existing level of functioning is impacted by a progressive, irreversible decline in cognition, which is referred to as dementia. There are numerous aetiologies for dementia, with Alzheimer's disease being the most prevalent (AD). An expanding amount of research on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease serves as the foundation for drug development in the condition. Currently being pursued disease-modifying strategies include targeting insulin signalling, neuroinflammation, tau aggregation, amyloid processing, and neurotransmitter dysfunction, with varying degrees of success. Because of its dominance at the pathophysiological stage, the amyloid cascade is essential to many novel treatment strategies.

• Insulin signalling
• Neuroinflammation
• Pathophysiological stages

According to epidemiological research, the number of people 65 and older will increase sharply over the coming decades, and a sizable fraction of this population will suffer dementia. There is plenty of evidence that ageing is associated with a high rate of unpleasant disorders, regardless of cognitive capacity. It is expected that more dementia sufferers may get unpleasant illnesses as a result.

• Epidemiological research
• Brain disorders
• Psychological conditions